Comparative analysis of exosome isolation methods using culture supernatant for optimum yield, purity and downstream applications

Abstract Exosomes have received significant attention for their role in pathobiological processes and are being explored as a tool for disease diagnosis and management. Consequently, various isolation methods based on ......

Extracellular vesicle isolation methods: rising impact of size‐exclusion chromatography

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include a variety of nanosized vesicles released to the extracellular microenvironment by the vast majority of cells transferring bioactive lipids, proteins, mRNA, miRNA or non-coding RNA, ......

NanoBioAnalytical characterization of extracellular vesicles in 75-nm nanofiltered human plasma for transfusion: A tool to improve transfusion safety

Abstract Plasma transfusion induces some transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) mediated through neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We investigated whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in plasma or obtained from...

A standardised protocol for the evaluation of small extracellular vesicles in plasma by imaging flow cytometry

Abstract Flow cytometry provides robust, multi-parametric and quantitative information on single cells which also exhibits enormous potential as a tool for small particle characterisation. Small extracellular vesicle (sEV) detection by ......

Serum Exosome Isolation by Size-Exclusion Chromatography for the Discovery and Validation of Preeclampsia-Associated Biomarkers

Abstract Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles of complex and heterogeneous composition that are released in biofluids such as blood. The interest in the characterization of exosomal biochemistry has increased over the ......

Exosomes secreted by urine-derived stem cells improve stress urinary incontinence by promoting repair of pubococcygeus muscle injury in rats

Abstract Background Previous studies revealed that urine-derived stem cells (USCs) could promote myogenesis after the impairment of the sphincter muscles. However, the effects of exosomes secreted by USCs (USCs-Exo) were ......

Optimization of cell culture conditions for exosome isolation using mini-size exclusion chromatography (mini-SEC)

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as a major intercellular communication system engaged in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) are a subset of EVs of ......

Microbubbles for Nucleic Acid Delivery in Liver Using Mild Sonoporation

Abstract Ultrasound-mediated gene delivery is an interesting approach, which could help in increasing gene transfer in deep tissues. Moreover, it allows for performing experiments guided by the image to determine ......

Quantitative and Specific Detection of Exosomal miRNAs for Accurate Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Using a Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensor Based on Plasmonic Head‐Flocked Gold Nanopillars

Abstract MicroRNAs in exosomes (exosomal miRNAs) have attracted increased attention as cancer biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis owing to their stability in body fluids. Since strong association exists between ......

The importance of extracellular vesicle purification for downstream analysis: A comparison of differential centrifugation and size exclusion chromatography for helminth pathogens

Abstract Background Robust protocols for the isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the rest of their excretory-secretory products are necessary for downstream studies and application development. The most widely used ......

Measuring particle size distribution of nanoparticle enabled medicinal products, the joint view of EUNCL and NCI-NCL. A step by step approach combining orthogonal measurements with increasing complexity

Abstract The particle size distribution (PSD) and the stability of nanoparticles enabled medicinal products (NEP) in complex biological environments are key attributes to assess their quality, safety and efficacy. Despite ......

Circulating Extracellular Vesicles and Their miR “Barcode” Differentiate Alcohol Drinkers With Liver Injury and Those Without Liver Injury in Severe Trauma Patients

Short Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released during tissue/cell injury, contain a “barcode” indicating specific microRNAs (miRs) that can uncover their origin. We examined whether systemic EVs possessing hepatic miR-signatures...

Article | OPEN | Published: 12 February 2019 The Regenerative Potential of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles: Lessons Learned by Comparing Different Isolation Techniques

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) mediate anti-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic, and immune-modulatory effects in multiple disease models, such as skeletal muscle atrophy and Alport syndrome. A ......

SPRi-based hemagglutinin quantitative assay for influenza vaccine production monitoring

Abstract Influenza vaccine manufacturers lack tools, whatever the involved production bioprocess (egg or cell-based), to precisely and accurately evaluate vaccine antigen content from samples. Indeed, the gold standard single-radial...

Extracellular vesicle‐educated macrophages promote early Achilles tendon healing

Tendon healing follows a complex series of coordinated events that ultimately produces a mechanically inferior tissue more scar‐like than native tendon. More regenerative healing occurs when anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophages play ......

Surface-engineered Design of Efficient Luminescent Europium(III) Complex-based Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals for Rapid HeLa Cancer Cell Imaging

Abstract We synthesized hydroxyapatite nanocrystals under the existence of tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)europium(III) (EuTH) complex to form inorganic/organic hybrid nanocrystal (EHA). Then, the folic acid derivative...

Label-free detection of exosomes using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor

Abstract The development of a sensitive and specific detection platform for exosomes is highly desirable as they are believed to transmit vital tumour-specific information (mRNAs, microRNAs, and proteins) to remote ......

Treponema pallidum induces the activation of endothelial cells via macrophage-derived exosomes

Abstract Recent studies have shown that exosomes play a role in pathogenesis and in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and tumours. We explored the effects of Treponema pallidum-induced macrophage-derived exosomes ......

Ultrasensitive immunoprofiling of plasma extracellular vesicles identifies syndecan-1 as a potential tool for minimally invasive diagnosis of glioma

Abstract Purpose: Liquid biopsy has great potential to improve the management of brain tumor patients at high risk of surgery-associated complications. Here, the aim was to explore plasma extracellular vesicle ......

Annexin A1 as Neuroprotective Determinant for Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Abstract: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is associated with hypoxia-ischemia (HI) induced brain injury and life-long neurological pathologies. Treatment options are limited. Recently, we found that mesenchymal stem/stromal cell...

Breast cancer‐derived exosomes reflect the cell‐of‐origin phenotype

Abstract A manner in which cells can communicate with each other is via secreted nanoparticles termed exosomes. These vesicles contain lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, and are said to reflect ......

Exosomes derived from clinical grade oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets promote wound healing

ABSTRACT The oral mucosa exhibits unique regenerative properties, sometimes referred to as foetal-like wound healing. Researchers from our institute have used sheets of oral mucosa epithelial cells (OMECs) for regenerative ......

Exosomes derived from cardiomyocytes promote cardiac fibrosis via myocyte-fibroblast cross-talk

Abstract Cardiac fibrosis is primarily mediated by activated fibroblasts. However, cardiomyocytes have also been implicated in facilitating the fibrotic response. We aimed to explore how cardiomyocyte-derived exosomes affect...

Characterization of Nanomaterials: Tools and Challenges

Abstract As the use and potential use of nanomaterials (NMs) in food and food-related products increases, the need for well-defined and established methods for characterization of NM properties is essential ......

Complete Disaggregation of MCF-7-derived Breast Tumour Spheroids with Very Low Concentrations of α-Mangostin Loaded in CD44 Thioaptamer-tagged Nanoparticles

Abstract Background: α-Mangostin (αMG) is a natural substance that exerts a wide range of antitumor effects. Recently, we described that free αMG was able to dissociate multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTSs) ......

Control of Acoustic Cavitation for Efficient Sonoporation with Phase-Shift Nanoemulsions

Abstract Acoustic cavitation can be used to temporarily disrupt cell membranes for intracellular delivery of large biomolecules. Termed sonoporation, the ability of this technique for efficient intracellular delivery (i.e., >50% ......

A Label-free Platform for Identification of Exosomes from Different Sources

Abstract Exosomes contain cell- and cell-state-specific cargos of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and play significant roles in cell signaling and cell–cell communication. Current research into exosome-based biomarkers has relied ......

Exosomes secreted by endothelial progenitor cells accelerate bone regeneration during distraction osteogenesis by stimulating angiogenesis

Abstract Background Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an effective but lengthy procedure to fully induce bone regeneration in large bone defects. Accumulating evidence supports the role of exosomes secreted by endothelial ......

Very Long-Chain C24:1 Ceramide Is Increased in Serum Extracellular Vesicles with Aging and Can Induce Senescence in Bone-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, function in cell-to-cell communication through delivery of proteins, lipids and microRNAs to target cells via endocytosis and membrane fusion. These vesicles...

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit osteogenesis and exacerbate myeloma bone disease

Abstract Background: As a hallmark driver of multiple myeloma (MM), MM bone disease (MBD) is unique in that it is characterized by severely impaired osteoblast activity resulting from blocked osteogenesis ......

Serum Exosome Isolation by Size-Exclusion Chromatography for the Discovery and Validation of Preeclampsia-Associated Biomarkers

Abstract Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles of complex and heterogeneous composition that are released in biofluids such as blood. The interest in the characterization of exosomal biochemistry has increased over the ......

Cardiac Progenitor Cell–Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reduce Infarct Size and Associate with Increased Cardiovascular Cell Proliferation

Cell transplantation studies have shown that injection of progenitor cells can improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). Transplantation of human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) results in an increased ejection ......

Red cell supernatant effects on endothelial cell function and innate immune activation is influenced by donor age and sex

Background and objectives Blood donor characteristics significantly affect the pre‐storage and post‐storage quality of red cell concentrates (RCCs). This study investigated the impact of donor age and sex on RCC ......

Exosomal piRNA sequencing reveals differences between heart failure and healthy patients

OBJECTIVE: Heart failure is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality in in- dustrialized countries. Increasing evidence has highlighted the relationship between noncoding regulatory RNAs, especially microRNAs, and heart failure....

Integrated Nanoscale Deterministic Lateral Displacement Arrays for Separation of Extracellular Vesicles from Clinically-Relevant Volumes of Biological Samples

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer many opportunities in early-stage disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and precision therapy owing to their high abundance in bodily fluids, accessibility from liquid biopsy, and presence of ......

Resistive pulse sensing as particle counting and sizing method in microfluidic systems: Designs and applications review

Resistive pulse sensing is a well‐known and established method for counting and sizing particles in ionic solutions. Throughout its development the technique has been expanded from detection of biological cells ......

Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Microbubbles and Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on 3D Printed Scaffolds

Lipid‐coated microbubbles, clinically approved as contrast enhancing agents for ultrasound imaging, are investigated for the first time for their possible applications in bone tissue engineering. Effects of microbubbles (average diameter ......

ANGI-10. WSD1227: A BRAIN PENETRABLE VEGFR2 INHIBITOR FOR THE TREATMENT OF PRIMARY AND METASTATIC BRAIN TUMORS

The VEGF pathway has emerged as an important target for cancer therapy by blocking the development of malignant neovasculature, thus to reduce oxygen availability to the tumor and decrease its ......

Harmonization of exosome isolation from culture supernatants for optimized proteomics analysis

Exosomes, the smallest subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs), have recently attracted much attention in the scientific community. Their involvement in intercellular communication and molecular reprogramming of different cell types...

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Reduce A1 Astrocytes via Downregulation of Phosphorylated NFκB P65 Subunit in Spinal Cord Injury

Background/Aims: Neurotoxic A1 astrocytes are induced by inflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI), and the inflammation-related Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NFκB) pathway may be related to A1-astrocyte activation. Mesenchymal stem ......

Chromatographic Approaches for Purification and Analytical Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles: Recent Advancements

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale particles released by cells under both physiological and pathological conditions, that mediate intercellular communication by delivering biomolecules (nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids). In...

Humic acids modify the pulse size distributions in the characterization of plastic microparticles by Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing

Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing, TRPS, is an emerging technique used in quantification and measuring the size (particle-by-particle) of viruses, exosomes and engineered colloidal spheres in biological fluids. We study the ......

Generation of therapeutic cells using extracellular components of target organs

The invention relates to an ex vivo generated population of tissue-specific anti-inflammatory macrophages and methods of making and using such macrophages...

EGFR detection in extracellular vesicles of breast cancer patients through immunosensor based on silica-chitosan nanoplatform

In the present work, we designed a microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor with enough sensibility and precision to quantify epithermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) of plasma from ......

Extraction and liposome reconstitution of membrane proteins with their native lipids without the use of detergents

Functional studies of membrane-bound channels, transporters or signal transducers require that the protein of interest resides in a membrane that separates two compartments. One approach that is commonly used to ......

Microvesicle and stem cell compositions for therapeutic applications

Provided herein are stem cell and exosome compositions having therapeutic utility to treat a variety of diseases and disorders, e.g., cardiovascular disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and fibrotic disease....

A Comparison of Clinically Relevant Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Bone Marrow and Amniotic Fluid

Background/Purpose Exosomes may constitute a more practical alternative to live cells in select stem cell-based therapies. We sought to compare exosomes from two mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sources relevant to ......

Rapid and accurate analysis of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles with super resolution microscopy and live imaging

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have prevalent roles in cancer biology and regenerative medicine. Conventional techniques for characterising EVs including electron microscopy (EM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and tuneable...

MSC-derived exosomes ameliorate erectile dysfunction by alleviation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle apoptosis in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury

Background This study investigated the therapeutic effects of MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) on erectile function in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury (CNI). Methods MSCs were isolated from rat bone ......

Extracellular vesicle microRNA cargo is correlated with HPV‐status in oropharyngeal carcinoma

Background The incidence of human papilloma virus positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has increased rapidly in recent decades. These tumours have a favourable outcome compared to HPV‐negative (HPV‐) ......

A Magnetic-Based Microfluidic Device for On-Chip Isolation and Detection of Tumor-Derived Exosomes

Exosomes are membrane-enclosed phospholipid extracellular vesicles which can act as mediators of intercellular communication. Although the original features endow tumor-derived exosomes great potential as biomarkers, efficient...

Lab-on-Chip for Exosomes and Microvesicles Detection and Characterization

Abstract Interest in extracellular vesicles and in particular microvesicles and exosomes, which are constitutively produced by cells, is on the rise for their huge potential as biomarkers in a high ......

Blood manufacturing methods affect red blood cell product characteristics and immunomodulatory activity

Abstract Transfusion of red cell concentrates (RCCs) is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes that may be affected by different blood manufacturing methods and the presence of extracellular vesicles ......

Highly sensitive detection of exosomes by SERS using gold nanostar@Raman reporter@nanoshell structures modified with a bivalent cholesterol-labeled DNA anchor

Exosomes, as important signal transmitters, play a key role in intercellular communication, especially in cancer metastasis. There is considerable evidence that exosomes can be used as an indicator of cancer. ......

A Comparison of an Optimized Ultracentrifugation Method versus Size- Exclusion Chromatography for Isolation of Exosomes from Human Serum

Exosomes are nanosized vesicles that are abundant in biological fluids. In recent years, exosomes have attracted increasing attention as their cargo may provide promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis of ......

Colorectal Cancer-derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Establish an Inflammatory Pre-metastatic Niche in Liver Metastasis

Liver metastases develop in more than half of the patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and are associated with a poor prognosis. The factors influencing liver metastasis of CRC are poorly ......

Screening of red blood cells for extracellular vesicle content as a product quality indicator

BACKGROUND The controversy around the quality and clinical impact of stored and differentially manufactured red cell concentrates (RCCs) from different donor groups is ongoing. Current studies are limited by the ......

Ebola Virus VP40 Modulates Cell Cycle and Biogenesis of Extracellular Vesicles

Background Ebola virus (EBOV) mainly targets myeloid cells; however, extensive death of T cells is often observed in lethal infections. We have previously shown that EBOV VP40 in exosomes causes ......

Dopamine-loaded blood exosomes targeted to brain for better treatment of Parkinson's disease

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD), one of the most common movement and neurodegenerative disorders, is challenging to treat, largely because the blood-brain barrier blocks passage of most drugs. Here we find ......

Gold Nanoparticles with Ligand/Zwitterion Hybrid Layer for Individual Counting of Influenza A H1N1 Subtype Using Resistive Pulse Sensing

Resistive pulse sensing (RPS) is an analytical technique for detecting particles with nano- to micrometer diameters, such as proteins, viruses, and bacteria. RPS is a promising tool for diagnosis as ......

Provocative decompression causes diffuse vascular injury in mice mediated by microparticles containing interleukin-1β

Inflammatory mediators are known to be elevated in association with decompression from elevated ambient pressure, but their role in tissue damage or overt decompression sickness is unclear. Circulating microparticles (MPs) ......

Urinary exosome miR‐146a is a potential marker of albuminuria in essential hypertension

Background There is increasing interest in using extracellular vesicle-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers in renal dysfunction and injury. Preliminary evidence indicates that miRNAs regulate the progression of glomerular disease....

Biophysical virus particle specific characterization to sharpen the definition of virus stability

Vaccine thermostability is key to successful global immunization programs as it may have a significant impact on the continuous cold-chain maintenance logistics, as well as affect vaccine potency. Modern biological ......

Ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography combined with asymmetrical-flow field-flow fractionation for the isolation and characterisation of extracellular vesicles from urine

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have a great potential in clinical applications. However, their isolation from different bodily fluids and their characterisation are currently not optimal or standardised. Here, we report the ......

Bioprocess Decision Support Tool For Scalable Manufacture of Extracellular Vesicles

Newly recognized as natural nanocarriers that deliver biological information between cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, provide unprecedented therapeutic opportunities. Large‐scale and...

Zhang, Suisui, Huijun Dai, Lingyu Zhu, Fei Lin, Zhaokun Hu, Ren Jing, Weikang Zhang et al. "Microvesicles packaging IL-1β and TNF-α enhance lung inflammatory response to mechanical ventilation in part by induction of cofilin signaling." International immunopharmacology 63 (2018): 74-83.

Microvesicles shed from pulmonary cells are capable of transferring inflammatory cargo to recipient cells nearby or in distant to enhance inflammation. Some authors believe that cofilin controls actin dynamics and ......

Bioinspired, nanoscale approaches in contemporary bioanalytics

The genesis for this topical review stems from the interdisciplinary Biointerfaces International conference 2016 (BI 2016) in Zurich, Switzerland, wherein the need for advances in analytical tools was both expressed ......

Probing the conformational switch of I-motif DNA using tunable resistive pulse sensing

I-motif DNA, which can fold and unfold reversibly in various environments, plays a significant role in DNA nanotechnology and biological functions. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to identify the ......

Loss of XIST in Breast Cancer Activates MSN-c-Met and Reprograms Microglia via Exosomal miRNA to Promote Brain Metastasis

Up to 30% of patients with metastatic breast cancer eventually develop brain metastasis, yet the pathologic mechanism behind this development remains poorly understood. Here, we profiled long noncoding RNAs in ......

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell–derived exosomes improve functional recovery after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in the rat

OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated that transplanted multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) improve functional recovery in rats after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In this study the authors tested the...

Delivery of MGMT mRNA to glioma cells by reactive astrocyte-derived exosomes confers a temozolomide resistance phenotype

The glioma-astrocyte interaction plays an important role in tumor microenvironment remodeling; however, the underlying mechanism has not been completely clarified. In this study, we show that glioma cells stimulate normal ......

Tissue and exosomal miRNA editing in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

RNA editing in microRNAs has been recently proposed as a novel biomarker in cancer. Here, we investigated RNA editing by leveraging small-RNA sequencing data from 87 NSCLC (Non-Small Cell Lung ......

Strategic design of extracellular vesicle drug delivery systems

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), sub-micron vectors used in intercellular communication, have demonstrated great promise as natural drug delivery systems. Recent reports have detailed impressive in vivo results from the administration of ......

Circulating extracellular vesicles are associated with lipid and insulin metabolism

We have reported that hypertrophic adipocytes release extracellular vesicles (EVs) and that number of circulating adipocyte-derived EVs correlated with insulin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in a pilot...

Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts promote the stemness and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer by transferring exosomal lncRNA H19

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathology of various tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The crosstalk between carcinoma- associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment ......

In Vivo Evaluation of Magnetic Targeting in Mice Colon Tumors with Ultra-Magnetic Liposomes Monitored by MRI

Purpose The development of theranostic nanocarriers as an innovative therapy against cancer has been improved by targeting properties in order to optimize the drug delivery to safely achieve its desired ......

N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide polymer conjugated pyropheophorbidea, a promising tumor-targeted theranostic probe for photodynamic therapy and imaging

Tumor-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) using polymeric photosensitizers is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. In this study, we synthesized a pHPMA conjugated pyropheophorbide-a (P-PyF) as a cancer theranostic...

Methods and Technologies for Exosome Isolation and Characterization

Abstract Exosomes, a specific subclass of the extracellular vesicles secreted by most cell types, play an important role in cell–cell communication by transporting diverse content including protein, mRNA, miRNA, and ......

Quantification of Exosome Based on Copper-Mediated Signal Amplification Strategy

Exosomes, a class of small extracellular vesicles, play important roles in various physiological and pathological processes by serving as vehicles for transferring and delivering membrane and cytosolic molecules between cells. ......

Alzheimer’s disease pathology propagation by exosomes containing toxic amyloid‐beta oligomers

The gradual deterioration of cognitive functions in Alzheimer’s disease is paralleled by a hierarchical progression of amyloid-beta and tau brain pathology. Recent findings indicate that toxic oligomers of amyloid-beta may ......

Systematic Methodological Evaluation of a Multiplex Bead-Based Flow Cytometry Assay for Detection of Extracellular Vesicle Surface Signatures

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be harvested from cell culture supernatants and from all body fluids. EVs can be conceptually classified based on their size and biogenesis as exosomes and microvesicles. ......

mRNA transcript distribution bias between Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria and their outer membrane vesicles

Borrelia burgdorferi, a bacterium in the spirochete phylum, is the causative agent of Lyme disease. Borrelia burgdorferi has a linear chromosome with a number of circular and linear plasmids. Bacteria, ......

Low cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with higher extracellular vesicle counts in obese adults

Abstract Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) independent of obesity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a novel target of CVD, however, it remains unknown if obese individuals ......

Novel analytical methods to assess the chemical and physical properties of liposomes

Liposomes are used in commercial pharmaceutical formulations (PFs) and dietary supplements (DSs) as a carrier vehicle to protect the active ingredient from degradation and to increase the half-life of the ......

High-throughput screening identified selective inhibitors of exosome biogenesis and secretion: A drug repurposing strategy for advanced cancer

Targeting exosome biogenesis and release may have potential clinical implications for cancer therapy. Herein, we have optimized a quantitative high throughput screen (qHTS) assay to identify compounds that modulate exosome ......

Low cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with higher extracellular vesicle counts in obese adults

Abstract Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) independent of obesity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a novel target of CVD, however, it remains unknown if obese individuals ......

Novel analytical methods to assess the chemical and physical properties of liposomes

Liposomes are used in commercial pharmaceutical formulations (PFs) and dietary supplements (DSs) as a carrier vehicle to protect the active ingredient from degradation and to increase the half-life of the ......

Dendri-tac and their use as theranostics

The present invention relates to novel amphiphilic dendrimers, hereafter denoted Dendri-TAC. The present invention also relates to perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions stabilized by these amphiphilic dendrimers and their uses for in vivo ......

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes in Cancer

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes in Cancer evaluates the potential of exosome content manipulation in the development of novel therapeutics. In recent years, exosomes, the small vesicles produced by ......

Microvesicles from Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a New Protective Strategy in Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes

Abstract Background/Aims: Chronic inflammation contributes to cartilage degeneration during the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) show great potential to treat inflammatory and...

Origins-to-Outcomes-A-Role-for-Extracellular-Vesicles-in-Precision-Medicine

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are of great interest in biological research, and though they are a relatively recent discovery, they have rapidly shown great potential for use in clinical applications. The ......

Microvesicles from Human Adipose Tissue- Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a New Protective Strategy in Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes

Abstract Background/Aims: Chronic inflammation contributes to cartilage degeneration during the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) show great potential to treat inflammatory and...

The Design and Characterisation of Multifunctional Aptamer Nanopore Sensors

Aptamer-modified nanomaterials provide a simple, yet powerful sensing platform when combined with resistive pulse sensing technologies. Aptamers adopt a more stable tertiary structure in the presence of a target analyte, ......

Transmembrane NADH Oxidation with Tetracyanoquinodimethane

The design of efficient schemes for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) regeneration is essential for the development of enzymatic biotechnological processes in order to sustain continuous production. In line with our ......

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Provide Neuroprotection and Improve Long-Term Neurologic Outcomes in a Swine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock

Combined traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic shock (HS) remains a leading cause of preventable death worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have demonstrated promise in small animal models of neurologic ......

Proteome profiling of exosomes derived from plasma of heifers with divergent genetic merit for fertility

The current study evaluated exosomes isolated from plasma of heifers bred to have high or low fertility through developing extreme diversity in fertility breeding values, however, key animal traits (e.g., ......

The impact of circulating preeclampsia-associated extracellular vesicles on the migratory activity and phenotype of THP-1 monocytic cells

Intercellular communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their target cells, especially immune cells, results in functional and phenotype changes that consequently may play a significant role in various physiological states ......

None of us is the same as all of us: resolving the heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles using single-vesicle, nanoscale characterization with resonance enhanced atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR)

The successful translation of nanoparticle-based systems into commercial products depends upon the ability to reliably measure important physical and chemical properties of these particles. The density of nanoparticles is one ......

Measuring the size and density of nanoparticles by centrifugal sedimentation and flotation

The successful translation of nanoparticle-based systems into commercial products depends upon the ability to reliably measure important physical and chemical properties of these particles. The density of nanoparticles is one ......

Intra-Cardiac Release of Extracellular Vesicles Shapes Inflammation Following Myocardial Infarction

Abstract Rationale: A rapid and massive influx of inflammatory cells occurs into ischemic area following myocardial infarction, resulting in local release of cytokines and growth factors. Yet, the mechanisms regulating ......

Measuring the size and density of nanoparticles by centrifugal sedimentation and flotation

The successful translation of nanoparticle-based systems into commercial products depends upon the ability to reliably measure important physical and chemical properties of these particles. The density of nanoparticles is one ......

Tumor-associated macrophages-derived exosomes promote the migration of gastric cancer cells by transfer of functional Apolipoprotein E

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment and have been shown to contribute to tumor aggressiveness. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the pro-metastatic effect of TAMs ......

Intra-Cardiac Release of Extracellular Vesicles Shapes Inflammation Following Myocardial Infarction

Abstract Rationale: A rapid and massive influx of inflammatory cells occurs into ischemic area following myocardial infarction, resulting in local release of cytokines and growth factors. Yet, the mechanisms regulating ......

Detection and proteomic characterization of extracellular vesicles in human pancreatic juice

Abstract Aims The prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer has remained virtually unchanged with a high mortality rate compared to other types of cancers. An earlier detection would provide a ......

Characteristics of Extracellular Vesicles in Red Blood Concentrates Change with Storage Time and Blood Manufacturing Method

Keywords Microvesicles · Microparticles · Red blood cells · In vitro quality · Storage lesion · Blood processing · Red cell filtered · Whole blood filtered Summary Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) ......

Circulating extracellular vesicles are associated with lipid and insulin metabolism

Abstract We have reported that hypertrophic adipocytes release extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the number of circulating adipocyte-derived EVs correlated with insulin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in a...

Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Development of Antiandrogen Resistance in Prostate Cancer

A functional assessment of affinity isolated inflammatory extracellular vesicle subpopulations

Opioid-mediated extracellular vesicle production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation cause vascular damage

Semi-quantitation and characterization of serum-derived exosomes in coronary artery disease by glycan recognition bead, EXÖBead

From bench to bedside: a systematic approach to increased laboratory exosome production

Isolation of extracellular vesicles by gel filtration: a comparison of two commonly used protocols

METASTASIS AND ADAPTIVE RESISTANCE INHIBITING IMMUNOTHERAPY COMBINED ONLINECHEMOTHERAPY (43)Pub.Date: Dec.13,2018 WITH RADIOTHERAPY'STUMOR SEEKING EXTRACELLULAR VESICLESWITH SIRNA AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS

Abstract Mutated genome silencing with endogenous RNAi-siRNA and miRNA with near total cellular apheresis with pulse flow apheresis system and EV-exosome-RNA molecular apheresis with sucrose density gradient continuous flow...

3D visualization of extracellular vesicle uptake by endothelial cells

Abstract Background Extracellular vesicles are small vesicles that contain cytoplasmic and membrane components from their paternal cells. They enter target cells through uptake to transfer their biological cargo. In this ......

Extracellular Vesicles from Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis in Rats

Abstract Background. There are no approved drug treatments for liver fibrosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced stage of fibrosis which has rapidly become a major cause of cirrhosis. Therefore, ......

Facile Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles with PLGA Polymer Brushes and Efficient Encapsulation into PLGA Nanoparticles: Toward Spatially Precise Bioimaging of Polymeric Nanoparticles

Abstract Nanocarriers prepared from poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) have broad biomedical applications. Understanding their cellular uptake and distribution requires appropriate visualization in complex biological compartments with...

The Role of Arrestin Domain-Containing 3 in Regulating Endocytic Recycling and Extracellular Vesicle Sorting of Integrin β4 in Breast Cancer

Despite the established role of integrin β4 (ITG β4) in breast cancer progression, the importance of endocytic recycling of ITG β4 and its regulatory mechanism are poorly understood. Here, we ......

Metastasis-associated miR-23a from nasopharyngeal carcinomaderived exosomes mediates angiogenesis by repressing a novel target gene TSGA10

Benefiting from more precise imaging and radiotherapy, patients with locoregionally nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have a significantly higher survival rate. Nonetheless, distant metastasis is still the predominant mode of failure....

Extracellular vesicle RNAs reflect placenta dysfunction and are a biomarker source for preterm labour

Preterm birth (PTB) can lead to lifelong complications and challenges. Identifying and monitoring molecular signals in easily accessible biological samples that can diagnose or predict the risk of preterm labour ......

Enhancing clot properties through fibrin-specific self-cross-linked PEG side-chain microgels

Excessive bleeding and resulting complications are a major cause of death in both trauma and surgical settings. Recently, there have been a number of investigations into the design of synthetic ......

miRNAs targeting ICP4 and delivered to susceptible cells in exosomes block herpes simplex virus 1 replication in dose dependent manner

miRNAs are potent tools that in principle can be used to control the replication of infectious agents. The objectives of the studies reported here were to design miRNAs that can ......

Bead Enhancement of EV Analysis

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized cancer biomarkers, however, clinical analysis has been difficult due to a lack of simple and sensitive assays. Here, we describe a bead-enhanced flow cytometry method, ......

Separation of plasma-derived exosomes into CD3(+) and CD3(-) fractions allows for association of immune cell and tumor cell markers with disease activity in HNSCC patients

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly immunosuppressive malignancy. Exosomes in HNSCC patients’ plasma are enriched in inhibitory cargo and mediate immunosuppression. As these exosomes are products ......

Nano-/Microparticle Tracers for Evaluating Structures in Fractured Porous Media

Nano- and microparticle tracers are expected to be used for evaluating structures in geological developments, however their transport behavior is not well characterized. This study investigated nanoparticle transport in a ......

Extracellular vesicles have variable dose-dependent effects on cultured draining cells in the eye

The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as signal mediators has been described in many biological fields. How many EVs are needed to deliver the desired physiological signal is yet unclear. ......

Extracellular vesicles as modulators of wound healing

Impaired healing of cutaneous wounds and ulcers continues to have a major impact on the quality of life of millions of people. In recent years, the capacity for stem and ......

Overview of Protocols for Studying Extracellular RNA and Extracellular Vesicles

Understanding the role of extracellular RNA (exRNA) has emerged as an exciting avenue for biomarker, therapeutic, as well as basic cell–cell communication applications and discoveries. Multiple protocols, kits, and procedures ......

Multiplexed Detection and Quantitation of Extracellular Vesicle RNA Expression Using NanoString

Several different types of RNA molecules such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have been detected within extracellular vesicles in the circulation. The detection and potential utility of these as disease biomarkers requires ......

Technical challenges of working with extracellular vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles secreted from cells and have great potential as drug delivery carriers. Surface proteins on EV membranes might play roles in pharmacokinetics. One method ......

Technical challenges of working with extracellular vesicles

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are gaining interest as central players in liquid biopsies, with potential applications in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic guidance in most pathological conditions. These nanosized particles transmit...

Exosomal miRNAs as novel cancer biomarkers: Challenges and opportunities

A biomarker with high specificity and sensitivity, is a basic requirement for non-invasive cancer diagnosis. Exosomes are a type of lipid bilayer extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing different components, including proteins, ......

Engineered nanointerfaces for microfluidic isolation and molecular profiling of tumor-specific extracellular vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids. Specifically, tumor-derived EVs have the potential to be utilized as disease-specific biomarkers. However, a lack of methods to isolate tumor-specific EVs ......

Comparison of membrane afnity-based method with size-exclusion chromatography for isolation of exosome-like vesicles from human plasma

Background Plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosome-like vesicles (ELVs), are being increasingly explored as a source of potential noninvasive disease biomarkers. The discovery of blood-based biomarkers associated with...

On-a-chip tryptic digestion of transthyretin: a step toward an integrated microfluidic system for the follow-up of familial transthyretin amyloidosis

A microfluidic microreactor for trypsin mediated transthyretin (TTR) digestion has been developed as a step towards the elaboration of a fully integrated microdevice for the detection of a rare and ......

A Multiparameter Approach to Separation and Clonal Analysis of Mammalian Cells

Mammalian cell bioprocessing is a critical part of both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In terms of diagnostics, blood based biomarkers can be isolated from the peripheral blood and analyzed to ......

Proteinaceous microspheres as a delivery system for carvacrol and thymol in antibacterial applications

 ...

Direct and label-free influenza virus detection based on multisite binding to sialic acid receptors

A system to discriminate human or avian influenza A remains a highly sought-after tool for prevention of influenza pandemics in humans. Selective binding of the influenza A viral hemagglutinin (HA) ......

Imaging flow cytometry for the characterization of extracellular vesicles

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are potent bio-activators and inter-cellular communicators that play an important role in both health and disease. It is for this reason there is a strong interest in ......

Cationic amphiphile in phospholipid bilayer or oil–water interface of nanocarriers affects planktonic and biofilm bacteria killing

A cationic amphiphile, soyaethyl morpholinium ethosulfate (SME), immobilized in liposomes or nanoemulsions, was prepared in an attempt to compare the antibacterial activity between SME intercalated in the phospholipid bilayer and ......

Multiplex Fluorescent Immunoassay Device Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles

Immunofluorescent analyzer based compact disc for simultaneous detection of 3 antibiotics in the same milk sample is consisting of two parts: CD-based immunofluorescence kit and optoelectronic fluorometer. Kit consists of ......

Single molecule characterisation of metal nanoparticles using nanopore-based stochastic detection methods

Single-molecule techniques are revolutionising analytical chemistry methods by observing one molecule at a time, the specific dynamics of populations can be revealed, and the averaging of signals from many molecules, ......

Creating aptamers and their use in Resisitive Pulse Sensors

Resistive pulse sensors, RPS, are allowing the transport mechanism of molecules, proteins and even nanoparticles to be characterized as they traverse small channels. Here we present our recent advancement of ......

THE REGULATION OF ROTAVIRUS–INFECTED HT29.F8 AND MA104 CELLS TREATED WITH A CHIDIN 1 OR A CHIDIN 3

Rotavirus (RV) infections cause severe life threatening diarrhea in young children and immunocompromised individuals. Several effective vaccines have been developed for young children but are not protective against all strains ......

Novel method for the formation of monodisperse superheated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets as activatable ultrasound contrast agents

Microbubble (MB) contrast agents have positively impacted the clinical ultrasound (US) community worldwide. Their use in molecular US imaging applications has been hindered by their limited distribution to the vascular ......

Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

Core–shell nanostructures have found applications in many fields, including surface enhanced spectroscopy, catalysis and solar cells. Titania-coated noble metal nanoparticles, which combine the surface plasmon resonance properties of...

Integrated Method for Purification and Single-Particle Characterization of Lentiviral Vector Systems by Size Exclusion Chromatography and Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing

Elements derived from lentiviral particles such as viral vectors or virus-like particles are commonly used for biotechnological and biomedical applications, for example in mammalian protein expression, gene delivery or therapy, ......

Larger or more? Nanoparticle characterisation methods for recognition of dimers

Our article dissects the problem of understanding the origin of size heterogeneity in polydispersed nanoparticle samples. A commercially available multimodal material representing a typical borderline case of the nano definition ......

Biological Functions and Current Advances in Isolation and Detection Strategies for Exosome Nanovesicles

Exosomes are nanoscale (≈30–150 nm) extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin that are shed by most types of cells and circulate in bodily fluids. Exosomes carry a specific composition of proteins, ......

Why the need and how to approach the functional diversity of extracellular vesicles

Abstract In the past decade, cell-to-cell communication mediated by exosomes has attracted growing attention from biomedical scientists and physicians, leading to several recent publications in top-tier journals. Exosomes are generally ......

Exacerbation of Acute Traumatic Brain Injury by Circulating Extracellular Vesicles

Inflammatory lesions in the brain activate a systemic acute phase response (APR), which is dependent on the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the circulation. The resulting APR is responsible ......

Immunomodulatory role for membrane vesicles released by THP-1 macrophages and respiratory pathogens during macrophage infection

Background During infection, inflammation is partially driven by the release of mediators which facilitate intercellular communication. Amongst these mediators are small membrane vesicles (MVs) that can be released by both ......

Ultrafiltration combined with size exclusion chromatography efficiently isolates extracellular vesicles from cell culture media for compositional and functional studies

Appropriate isolation methods are essential for unravelling the relative contribution of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the EV-free secretome to homeostasis and disease. We hypothesized that ultrafiltration followed by size exclusion ......

GMSC-Derived Exosomes Combined with a Chitosan/Silk Hydrogel Sponge Accelerates Wound Healing in a Diabetic Rat Skin Defect Model

Background: Delayed wound healing in diabetic patients is one of the most challenging complications in clinical medicine, as it poses a greater risk of gangrene, amputation and even death. Therefore, ......

Notochordal-cell derived extracellular vesicles exert regenerative effects on canine and human nucleus pulposus cells

During intervertebral disc ageing, chondrocyte-like cells (CLCs) replace notochordal cells (NCs). NCs have been shown to induce regenerative effects in CLCs. Since vesicles released by NCs may be responsible for ......

Exosome Isolation: Is There an Optimal Method with Regard to Diagnosis or Treatment?

Extracellular vesicles (EV) gained considerable interest in recent years as both diagnostic tools and templates for therapeutic applications. EVs carry a number of cell-specific markers which gave researchers the opportunity ......

Budesonide, fluticasone propionate, and azithromycin do not modulate the membrane vesicle release by THP-1 macrophages and respiratory pathogens during macrophage infection

Patients with more severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease frequently experience exacerbations and it is estimated that up to 50% of these exacerbations are associated with bacterial infections. The mainstay treatment ......

Adipose-derived circulating miRNAs regulate gene expression in other tissues

Adipose tissue is a major site of energy storage and has a role in the regulation of metabolism through the release of adipokines. Here we show that mice with an ......

Identification and characterization of serovar-independent immunogens in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Despite numerous actions to prevent disease, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae) remains a major cause of porcine pleuropneumonia, resulting in economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. In this paper, we ......

Obstacles and opportunities in the functional analysis of extracellular vesicle RNA – an ISEV position paper

The release of RNA-containing extracellular vesicles (EV) into the extracellular milieu has been demonstrated in a multitude of different in vitro cell systems and in a variety of body fluids. ......

Toward Exosome-Based Therapeutics: Isolation, Heterogeneity, and Fit-for-Purpose Potency

Exosomes are defined as submicron (30–150 nm), lipid bilayer-enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically generated by the late endosomal compartment through fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Produced by ......

Exosomal microRNA signatures in multiple sclerosis reflect disease status

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). There is currently no single definitive test for MS. Circulating exosomes represent promising candidate biomarkers ......

Quantitative real-time single particle analysis of virions

Providing information about single virus particles has for a long time been mainly the domain of electron microscopy. More recently, technologies have been developed-or adapted from other fields, such as ......

Monitoring bacterial growth using tunable resistive pulse sensing with a pore-based technique

A novel bacterial growth monitoring method using a tunable resistive pulse sensor (TRPS) system is introduced in this study for accurate and sensitive measurement of cell size and cell concentration ......

Isolation of extracellular vesicles: General methodologies and latest trends

Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an essential role in the transport of diagnostically significant molecules and communication between adjacent and distant cells within the body. Numerous methods for isolation of ......

Exosomes derived from cardiac telocytes exert positive effects on endothelial cells

Telocytes are novel cells that have been documented in the interstitium of multiple organs; however, their role in the heart remains unclear. This study aimed to identify cardiac telocytes by ......

Challenges in Analysis of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Human Plasma Using Nanotracking and Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing

Aim: Extracellular vesicles (EV) are secreted from both healthy and diseased tissues and are detectable in most body uids, where their measurement can be of prognostic/diagnostic value. We aimed to ......

Sorting of small infectious virus particles by flow virometry reveals distinct infectivity profiles

The nature and concentration of lipids and proteins at the surface of viruses are essential parameters for determining particle infectiveness. Historically, averaged bulk analysis of viral particles has been the ......

Extracellular vesicles as emerging targets in cancer: Recent development from bench to bedside

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important players of cancer initiation and progression through cell-cell communication. They have been recognized as critical mediators of extracellular communications, which promote...

A method for the isolation and enrichment of purified bovine milk exosomes

Exosomes are nanovesicles that play important roles in intercellular communication as they carry information to target cells. Isolation of high purity exosomes will aid in studying the exosomal cargo and quantity as ......

Isolation of Exosomes for the Purpose of Protein Cargo Analysis with the Use of Mass Spectrometry

Exosomes are intercellular messengers with a high potential for diagnostic and therapeutic utility. It is believed that exosomes present in body fluids are responsible for providing signals which inhibit immune ......

Extracellular Vesicles: Evolutionarily Conserved Mediators of Intercellular Communication

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are sub-micron circulating vesicles found in all bodily fluids and in all species so far tested. They have also recently been identified in seawater and it has ......

Extracellular vesicles from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells down-regulate senescence features in osteoarthritic osteoblasts

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) affects all articular tissues leading to pain and disability. The dysregulation of bone metabolism may contribute to the progression of this condition. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) ......

High-purified Isolation and Proteomic Analysis of Urinary Exosomes from Healthy Persons

Urinary exosomes containing specific biomarkers have recently been considered as novel potential non-invasive candidates for renal disease diagnosis. However, the development of urinary exosomes in basic research and their subsequent ......

Exosomes of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells stimulate angiogenesis

Background The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be attributed partly to humoral factors such as growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Human term placental tissue-derived MSCs (PlaMSCs), or ......

Effect of exosomes from plasma of dairy cows with or without an infected uterus on prostaglandin production by endometrial cell lines

A contributing factor to declining fertility in dairy cows is an activated inflammatory system associated with uterine infection. Detecting uterine disease using biomarkers may allow earlier diagnosis and intervention with ......

Selective release of miRNAs via extracellular vesicles is associated with house dust mite allergen-induced airway inflammation

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may facilitate cell-to-cell communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs). The biological roles of miRNAs in EVs on allergic airway inflammation is unclear. Methods Airway secreted EVs (AEVs) were ......

Identification of exosomal muscle-specific miRNAs in serum of myotonic dystrophy patients relating to muscle disease progressIdentification of exosomal muscle-specific miRNAs in serum of myotonic dystrophy patients relating to muscle disease progress

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common form of adult-onset muscular dystrophy, which is characterised by progressive muscle wasting and the discovery of reliable blood-based biomarkers could be ......

Exosomes secreted from mutant-HIF-1α-modified bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate early steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head in rabbit

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes exhibit protective effects on damaged or diseased tissues. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) plays a critical role in bone development. However, HIF-1α is easily biodegradable under ......

Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Rescue Myocardial Ischaemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inducing Cardiomyocyte Autophagy Via AMPK and Akt Pathways

Background/Aims: Reperfusion after an ischaemic insult might cause infarct extension. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes could attenuate myocardial remodelling in animal models of myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury...

Mesenteric lymph node stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles contribute to peripheral de novo induction of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells

Intestinal regulatory T cells (Tregs) are fundamental in peripheral tolerance towards commensals and food-borne antigens. Accordingly, gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) represent a site of efficient peripheral de novo Treg...

Involvement of Interleukin-34 in the Communications between Osteosarcoma and their Microenvironment

Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a cytokine which binds and activates the M-CSF receptor (M- CSFR). Consequently, IL-34 shares functional similarities with M-CSF such as the regulation of the myeloid cell differentiation. ......

Antibiotic-induced release of small extracellular vesicles (exosomes) with surface-associated DNA

Recently, biological roles of extracellular vesicles (which include among others exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies) have attracted substantial attention in various fields of biomedicine. Here we investigated the impact of ......

Biogenesis of Pro-senescent Microparticles by Endothelial Colony Forming Cells from Premature Neonates is driven by SIRT1-Dependent Epigenetic Regulation of MKK6

Senescent cells may exert detrimental effect on microenvironment through the secretion of soluble factors and the release of extracellular vesicles, such as microparticles, key actors in ageing and cardiovascular diseases. ......

Isolation of Biologically Active Exosomes from Plasma of Patients with Cancer

A method for exosome isolation from human plasma was developed for rapid, high-throughput processing of plasma specimens obtained from patients with cancer. This method removes the bulk of plasma proteins ......

Current knowledge on exosome biogenesis and release

Exosomes are nanosized membrane vesicles released by fusion of an organelle of the endocytic pathway, the multivesicular body, with the plasma membrane. This process was discovered more than 30 years ago, ......

Oncogenic transformation of lung cells results in distinct exosome protein profile similar to the cell of origin

Lung cancer is responsible for the highest rate of cancer mortality worldwide. Lung cancer patients are often ineligible for tumour biopsies due to co-morbidities. As a result, patients may not ......

Exosome Isolation: Is There an Optimal Method with Regard to Diagnosis or Treatment?

Extracellular vesicles (EV) gained considerable interest in recent years as both diagnos‐ tic tools and templates for therapeutic applications. EVs carry a number of cell-specific markers which gave researchers the ......

Mining Extracellular Vesicles for Clinically Relevant Noninvasive Diagnostic Biomarkers in Cancer

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles secreted by virtually all cell types into the extracellular milieu. EVs transport bioactive molecules between cells and play multifaceted roles in cell-to-cell communications and ......

Exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic tools for type 1 diabetes mellitus

Early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus can significantly improve therapeutic strategies and overall health span. Identifying biomarkers as a tool for determining the risk of developing diabetes as well as a ......

Extracellular vesicles are independent metabolic units with asparaginase activity

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane particles involved in the exchange of a broad range of bioactive molecules between cells and the microenvironment. Although it has been shown that cells can ......

Identification of Exosomal Muscle-Specific miRNAs in Serum of Myotonic Dystrophy Patients Relating to Muscle Disease Progress

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common form of adult-onset muscular dystrophy, which is characterised by progressive muscle wasting and the discovery of reliable blood-based biomarkers could be ......

Bead-based flow-cytometry for semi-quantitative analysis of complex membrane vesicle populations released by bacteria and host cells

During infection, the release of nano-sized membrane vesicle is a process which is common both for bacteria and host cells. Host cell-derived membrane vesicles can be involved in innate and ......

The Methods of Choice for Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Characterization

In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become a subject of intense study. These membrane-enclosed spherical structures are secreted by almost every cell type and are engaged in the transport ......

Quantum dot-based sensitive detection of disease specific exosome in serum

Tumor-derived exosomes have emerged as promising cancer biomarkers due to their unique composition and functions. Herein, we report a stripping voltammetric immunoassay for the electrochemical detection of tumor-specific exosomes using ......

Cigarette smoke extract induced exosome release is mediated by depletion of exofacial thiols and can be inhibited by thiol-antioxidants

Introduction Airway epithelial cells have been described to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) with pathological properties when exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). As CSE causes oxidative stress, we investigated whether ......

Augmented liver targeting of exosomes by surface modification with cationized pullulan

Exosomes are membrane nanoparticles containing biological substances that are employed as therapeutics in experimental inflammatory models. Surface modification of exosomes for better tissue targetability and enhancement of their...

Isolation of Exosomes from HTLV-Infected Cells

Exosomes are small vesicles, approximately 30–100 nm in diameter, that transport various cargos, such as proteins and nucleic acids, between cells. It has been previously shown that exosomes can also ......

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal non‐small cell lung cancer cells promote chemoresistance

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer type and the most common cause of mortality in lung cancer patients. NSCLC is often associated with resistance to ......

Exosomes: a new horizon in lung cancer

Circulating exosomes are the major mediators of cell–cell communication. They have been found in various body fluids of healthy individuals and patients with malignancies as cargos of several molecules including ......

Comparison of exosomes secreted by induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells and synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of osteoarthritis

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease worldwide. In the past decade, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used widely for the treatment of OA. A potential mechanism ......

Integration of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes with In Situ Hydrogel Glue as a Promising Tissue Patch for Articular Cartilage Regeneration

The regeneration of articular cartilage, which scarcely shows innate self-healing ability, is a great challenge in clinical treatment. Stem cell-derived exosomes (SC-Exos), an important type of extracellular nanovesicle, exhibit great ......

Extracellular Vesicle Characteristics in Stored Red Blood Cell Concentrates Are Influenced by the Method of Detection

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles and exosomes, are small phospholipid vesicles (≤1 μm in diameter) that are present in blood products, accumulate during storage, and have a potential transfusion-related...

A microRNA signature in circulating exosomes is superior to exosomal glypican-1 levels for diagnosing pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly malignancy that often presents clinically at an advanced stage and that may be confused with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Conversely, CP may be misdiagnosed ......

Exosomes as Novel Bio-carriers for Gene and Drug Delivery

Clinical treatments have stalled in certain diseases due to a lack of proper therapeutic delivery systems. Recent studies have identified exosomes for their potential use as cell-free therapies, which may ......

Exosomes Secreted from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head by Promoting Angiogenesis

Background: Local ischemia is the main pathological performance in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). There is currently no effective therapy to promote angiogenesis in the femoral head. Recent studies ......

MYC mediates large oncosome-induced fibroblast reprogramming in prostate cancer

Communication between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment results in the modulation of complex signaling networks that facilitate tumor progression. Here we describe a new mechanism of intercellular communication originating ......

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Membrane Vesicles Inhibit T Cell Activation

Mycobacterium tuberculosis utilizes multiple mechanisms to evade host immune responses, and inhibition of effector CD4+ T cell responses by M. tuberculosis may contribute to immune evasion. TCR signaling is inhibited ......

Identification of potential saliva and tear biomarkers in primary Sjögren’s syndrome, utilising the extraction of extracellular vesicles and proteomics analysis

Background There is a long-lasting need for non-invasive, more accurate diagnostic techniques when evaluating primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) patients. Incorporation of additional diagnostics involving screening for disease-specific...

Exosomal miR-146a contributes to the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of IL-1β-primed mesenchymal stem cells against sepsis

Improving the immunomodulatory efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through pretreatment with pro-inflammatory cytokines is an evolving field of investigation. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Here, ......

Exosomes in Cancer Diagnostics

Exosomes are endosome derived extracellular vesicles of 30–120 nm size ranges. Exosomes have been identified as mediators of cell-to-cell communication by transferring bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and ......

Detection of tissue factor-positive extracellular vesicles by laser scanning confocal microscopy

Introduction Increased levels of tissue factor-positive extracellular vesicles (TF + EVs) have been detected in the plasma of patients with various diseases, including cancer and endotoxemia. Levels of TF + ......

Lysozyme association with circulating RNA, extracellular vesicles, and chronic stress

Background Stress has demonstrated effects on inflammation though underlying cell-cell communication mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesize that circulating RNAs and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in patients with chronic stress...

Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing for the Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles

Accurate characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, is essential to obtain further knowledge on the biological relevance of EVs. Tunable resistive pulse sensing (tRPS) has shown promise ......

Diverse impact of xeno-free conditions on biological and regenerative properties of hUC-MSCs and their extracellular vesicles

Growing evidence indicates that intracellular signaling mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by stem cells plays a considerable role in triggering the regenerative program upon transplantation. EVs from umbilical cord ......

Role of OmpA2 surface regions of Porphyromonas gingivalis in host–pathogen interactions with oral epithelial cells

Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) is a key outer membrane protein found in Gram-negative bacteria that contributes to several crucial processes in bacterial virulence. In Porphyromonas gingivalis, OmpA is predicted ......

Antigen-loaded pH-sensitive hydrogel microparticles are taken up by dendritic cells with no requirement for targeting antibodies

Particle-based delivery of encapsulated antigens has great potential for improving vaccine constructs. In this study, we show that antigen-loaded, pH-sensitive hydrogel microparticles are taken up and presented by bone marrow-derived ......

Analysis of bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles using tunable resistive pulse sensing

Accurate characterization of submicron particles within biological fluids presents a major challenge for a wide range of biomedical research. Detection, characterization and classification are difficult due to the presence of ......

High-Resolution Single Particle Zeta Potential Characterisation of Biological Nanoparticles using Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing

Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, such as size, shape, surface charge, density, and porosity play a central role in biological interactions and hence accurate determination of these characteristics is of utmost ......

Extracellular vesicles are transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes after UVA irradiation

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces skin pigmentation, which relies on the intercellular crosstalk of melanin between melanocytes to keratinocytes. However, studying the separate effects of UVA and UVB irradiation reveals differences ......

Optimized production of HIV-1 virus-like particles by transient transfection in CAP-T cells

HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) have great potential as new-generation vaccines. The novel CAP-T cell line is used for the first time to produce Gag-GFP HIV-1 VLPs by means of polyethylenimine ......

High transport efficiency of nanoparticles through a total-consumption sample introduction system and its beneficial application for particle size evaluation in single-particle ICP-MS

In order to facilitate reliable and efficient determination of both the particle number concentration (PNC) and the size of nanoparticles (NPs) by single-particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS) without the need to correct ......

A modular approach towards drug delivery vehicles using oxanorbornane-based non-ionic amphiphiles

The self-assembly of non-ionic amphiphiles with a hydroxylated oxanorbornane head-group was controlled using amino acid units as spacers between hydrophilic and lipophilic domains to get spherical supramolecular aggregates. The ability ......

Could microparticles be the universal quality indicator for platelet viability and function?

High quality means good fitness for the intended use. Research activity regarding quality measures for platelet transfusions has focused on platelet storage and platelet storage lesion. Thus, platelet quality is ......

Sepia ink as a surrogate for colloid transport tests in porous media

We examined the suitability of the ink of Sepia officinalis as a surrogate for transport studies of microorganisms and microparticles in porous media. Sepia ink is an organic pigment consisted ......

Continuous Micro-/Nanofluidic Devices for Single-Cell Analysis

Micro- and nanofluidic devices are revolutionizing the fields of single-cell analysis, and benefiting related efforts in life science research, agricultural industry, and clinical medicine. These miniaturized devices introduce much...

Formulation and advantages of furazolidone in liposomal drug delivery systems

Furazolidone has proven to have antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. A number of literature supported its use against Helicobacter pylori. This potential application opens new prospects of its use in clinical ......

Design of functional cationic microgels as conjugation scaffolds

We present the development and detailed characterization of a range of amine functionalized microgels for utilization in conjugation reactions. Cationic N-isopropylmethacrylamide (NIPMAm) based microgels were synthesized through...

Characterisation of furazolidone-chitosan based spray dried microparticles regarding their drug release and mucin adsorptive properties

The present study aimed to prepare mucoadhesive microparticles of furazolidone (antimicrobial agent) using chitosan as a mucin adsorptive polymer and spray drying technology. This study recognized the potential use of ......

Developing a Predictable Regulatory Path for Nanomedicines by Accurate and Objective Particle Measurement

The approval of medicines and medical devices is well regulated worldwide, with significant literature, guidelines and legislation to ensure that appropriate procedures are adhered to in order to give confidence ......

Lipid Coated Microbubbles and Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Enhance Chondrogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in 3D Printed Scaffolds

Lipid-coated microbubbles are used to enhance ultrasound imaging and drug delivery. Here we apply these microbubbles along with low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for the first time to enhance proliferation ......

Characterisation of the protein corona using tunable resistive pulse sensing: determining the change and distribution of a particle’s surface charge

The zeta potential of the protein corona around carboxyl particles has been measured using tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS). A simple and rapid assay for characterising zeta potentials within buffer, ......

Size and ζ-Potential Measurement of Silica Nanoparticles in Serum Using Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing

The contact of nanoparticles with biological fluids such as serum results in rapid adsorption of proteins at the nanoparticle surface in a layer known as the “protein corona”. Protein coatings ......

Multimodal Dispersion of Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Size Distribution with 9 Size Measurement Methods

Purpose Evaluation of particle size distribution (PSD) of multimodal dispersion of nanoparticles is a difficult task due to inherent limitations of size measurement methods. The present work reports the evaluation ......

Particle-by-Particle Charge Analysis of DNA-Modified Nanoparticles Using Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing

Resistive pulse sensors, RPS, are allowing the transport mechanism of molecules, proteins and even nanoparticles to be characterized as they traverse pores. Previous work using RPS has shown that the ......

Size-Exclusion Chromatography- based isolation minimally alters Extracellular Vesicles’ characteristics compared to precipitating agents

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become an attractive field among the scientific community. Yet, a major challenge is to define a consensus method for EVs isolation. Ultracentrifugation has been the most ......

Multivesicular body formation enhancement and exosome release during endoplasmic reticulum stress

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, numerous environmental and genetic factors give rise to ER stress by inducing an accumulation of unfolded proteins. ......

Microfluidic approaches for isolation, detection, and characterization of extracellular vesicles: Current status and future directions

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived vesicles present in body fluids that play an essential role in various cellular processes, such as intercellular communication, inflammation, cellular homeostasis, survival, transport, and...

Exosomes from iPSCs Delivering siRNA Attenuate Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression and Neutrophils Adhesion in Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cellsression and Neutrophils Adhesion in Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells

The pro-inflammatory activation of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells resulting in continuous expression of cellular adhesion molecules, and subsequently recruiting primed neutrophils to form a firm neutrophils-endothelium...

Immunosuppressive effect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on a concanavalin A-induced liver injury model

Background This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes on an immune-induced liver injury model. MSCs show a unique function to modulate immune reaction although ......

Exosomes Derived from Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells Accelerate Cutaneous Wound Healing by Promoting Angiogenesis Through Erk1/2 Signaling

Chronic skin wounds represent one of the most common and disabling complications of diabetes. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are precursors of endothelial cells and can enhance diabetic wound repair by ......

Digital Detection of Exosomes by Interferometric Imaging

Exosomes, which are membranous nanovesicles, are actively released by cells and have been attributed to roles in cell-cell communication, cancer metastasis, and early disease diagnostics. The small size (30–100 nm) along ......

Plasma vesicle miRNAs for therapy response monitoring in Hodgkin lymphoma patients

BACKGROUND. Cell-free circulating nucleic acids, including 22-nt microRNAs (miRNAs), represent noninvasive biomarkers for treatment response monitoring of cancer patients. While the majority of plasma miRNA is bound to proteins, a ......

Urinary Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Biomarkers of Renal Function in Diabetic Patients

The aim of this study was to check the relationship between the density of urinary EVs, their size distribution and the progress of early renal damage in type 2 diabetic ......

Interspecies Communication between Pathogens and Immune Cells via Bacterial Membrane Vesicles

The production of extracellular vesicles is a universal mechanism for intercellular communication that is conserved across kingdoms. Prokaryotes secrete 50–250 nm membrane vesicles (MVs) in a manner that is regulated ......

Macrophages redirect phagocytosis by non- professional phagocytes and influence inflammation

Professional phagocytes (such as macrophages1) and non-professional phagocytes2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8(such as epithelial cells) clear billions of apoptotic cells and particles on a daily basis9. Although professional ......

Trehalose prevents aggregation of exosomes and cryodamage

Exosomes are important mediators in intercellular communication. Released by many cell types, they transport proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids to distant recipient cells and contribute to important physiopathological processes....

Exosome-based tumor antigenseadjuvant co-delivery utilizing genetically engineered tumor cell-derived exosomes with immunostimulatory CpG DNA

For cancer immunotherapy via tumor antigen vaccination in combination with an adjuvant, major challenges include the identification of a particular tumor antigen and efficient delivery of the antigen as well ......

A Standardized Method To Determine the Concentration of Extracellular Vesicles using Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing

Background: Understanding the pathogenic role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in disease and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility is extremely reliant on in-depth quantification, measurement and identification of EV...

Modulation of paracrine signaling by CD9 positive small extracellular vesicles mediates cellular growth of androgen deprived prostate cancer

Proliferation and maintenance of both normal and prostate cancer (PCa) cells is highly regulated by steroid hormones, particularly androgens, and the extracellular environment. Herein, we identify the secretion of CD9 ......

The role of extracellular vesicle and tunneling nanotube-mediated intercellular cross-talk between mesenchymal stem cells and human peripheral T cells

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces skin pigmentation, which relies on the intercellular crosstalk of melanin between melanocytes to keratinocytes. However, studying the separate effects of UVA and UVB irradiation reveals differences ......

Delivery of membrane proteins into small and giant unilamellar vesicles by charge-mediated fusion

One of the current challenges in synthetic biology is the production of stable membrane mimetic systems and the insertion of components in these systems. Here, we employ fusion of oppositely ......

Low-density lipoprotein mimics blood plasma-derived exosomes and microvesicles during isolation and detection

Circulating extracellular vesicles have emerged as potential new biomarkers in a wide variety of diseases. Despite the increasing interest, their isolation and purification from body fluids remains challenging. Here we ......

Exosomes Secreted by Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Repair Critical-Sized Bone Defects through Enhanced Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis in Osteoporotic Rats

Bone defects caused by trauma, severe infection, tumor resection and skeletal abnormalities are common osteoporotic conditions and major challenges in orthopedic surgery, and there is still no effective solution to ......

Preanalytical, analytical, and biological variation of blood plasma submicron particle levels measured with nanoparticle tracking analysis and tunable resistive pulse sensing

Background: Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) enable measurement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in blood plasma but also measure other particles present in plasma. Complete isolation ......

Isolation of biologically active and morphologically intact exosomes from plasma of patients with cancer.

Objective: Isolation from human plasma of exosomes that retain functional and morphological integrity for probing their protein, lipid and nucleic acid content is a priority for the future use of ......

Extracellular vesicles isolated from brains of rTg4510 mice seed tau aggregation in a threshold-dependent manner

The microtubule-associated protein tau has a critical role in Alzheimer’s disease and related tauopathies. There is accumulating evidence that tau aggregates spread and replicate in a prion-like manner, with the ......

Comparative Analysis of Technologies for Quantifying Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in Clinical Cerebrospinal Fluids (CSF)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising biomarker platform for glioblastoma patients. However, the optimal method for quantitative assessment of EVs in clinical bio-fluid remains a point of contention. ......

Extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular disease: are they Jedi or Sith?

In the recent past, extracellular vesicles have become recognized as important players in cell biology and biomedicine. Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, are phospholipid bilayer-enclosed...

Cardiovascular Progenitor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Recapitulate the Beneficial Effects of their Parent Cells in the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure

Background Cell-based therapies are being explored as a therapeutic option for patients with chronic heart failure following myocardial infarction. Extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes and microparticles, secreted by...

Mimicking respiratory phosphorylation using purified enzymes

The enzymes of oxidative phosphorylation is a striking example of the functional association of multiple enzyme complexes, working together to form ATP from cellular reducing equivalents. These complexes, such as ......

Size-exclusion chromatography as a stand-alone methodology identifies novel markers in mass spectrometry analyses of plasma-derived vesicles from healthy individuals

Plasma-derived vesicles hold a promising potential for use in biomedical applications. Two major challenges, however, hinder their implementation into translational tools: (a) the incomplete characterization of the protein composition of ......

Dexamethasone phosphate-loaded folate-conjugated polymeric nanoparticles for selective delivery to activated macrophages and suppression of inflammatory responses

Activated macrophages play a central role in the pathology of inflammatory diseases by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we have developed folate-conjugated dexamethasone phosphate (DP)-loaded...

Nitric oxide-releasing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-polyethylenimine nanoparticles for prolonged nitric oxide release, antibacterial efficacy, and in vivo wound healing activity.

Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a wound healing enhancer and a novel antibacterial agent that can circumvent antibiotic resistance. However, the NO release from NPs over extended ......

Characterizations of nanospheres and nanorods using resistive-pulse sensing

Nanoparticles, such as colloids, liposomes, and extracellular vesicles, have important roles in a wide range of processes and applications. The detection and characterization of nanoparticles remain technological hurdles because of ......

Characterization of vesicular stomatitis virus populations by tunable resistive pulse sensing

Although transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has historically been the method of choice to estimate concentrations of virus and virus-like particles, these measures can often be time-consuming and labor-intensive to perform. ......

Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Polymer/Lipid Expansile Nanoparticles: Imparting Surface Functionality for Targeting and Stability

The size, drug loading, drug release kinetics, localization, biodistribution, and stability of a given polymeric nanoparticle (NP) system depend on the composition of the NP core as well as its ......

Linking exposures of particles released from nano-enabled products to toxicology: An integrated methodology for particle sampling, extraction, dispersion and dosing

Nano-enabled products (NEPs) represent a growing economic global market that integrates nanotechnology into our everyday lives. Increased consumer use and disposal of NEPs at their end of life has led ......

Vibration-assisted optical injection of a single fluorescent sensor into a target cell

In this paper, we propose the selective adhesion and rapid injection of a fluorescent sensor into a target cell via the optical control of zeta potential and local vibration stimulus ......

Nanofiltration to remove microparticles and decrease the thrombogenicity of plasma: in vitro feasibility assessment

BACKGROUND As plasma contains procoagulant microparticles (MPs), removing MPs by 75-nm nanofiltration may decrease plasma in vitro thrombogenicity while maintaining the hemostatic activity from coagulation factors. STUDY DESIGN AND...

Acoustic Cavitation-Mediated Delivery of Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acids with Phase-Shift Nano-emulsions

Localized, targeted delivery of small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) has been the foremost hurdle in the use of siRNA for the treatment of various diseases. Major advances have been achieved ......

Dexamethasone phosphate-loaded folate-conjugated polymeric nanoparticles for selective delivery to activated macrophages and suppression of inflammatory responses

Activated macrophages play a central role in the pathology of inflammatory diseases by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we have developed folate-conjugated dexamethasone phosphate (DP)-loaded...

Nitric oxide-releasing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-polyethylenimine nanoparticles for prolonged nitric oxide release, antibacterial efficacy, and in vivo wound healing activity.

Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a wound healing enhancer and a novel antibacterial agent that can circumvent antibiotic resistance. However, the NO release from NPs over extended ......

Cryo-Electron Microscopy Structure of Human Peroxiredoxin-3 Filament Reveals the Assembly of a Putative Chaperone

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a ubiquitous class of thiol-dependent peroxidases that play an important role in the protection and response of cells to oxidative stress. The catalytic unit of typical 2-Cys ......

Biocompatible Polymer–Peptide Hybrid-Based DNA Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery

Currently, research on polymers to be used as gene delivery systems is one of the most important directions in both polymer science and biomedicine. In this report, we describe a ......

Nanoparticle-stabilized microbubbles for multimodal imaging and drug delivery

Microbubbles (MBs) are routinely used as contrast agents for ultrasound imaging. The use of ultrasound in combination with MBs has also attracted attention as a method to enhance drug delivery. ......

Ultrasoft, highly deformable microgels

Microgels are colloidally stable, hydrogel microparticles that have previously been used in a range of (soft) material applications due to their tunable mechanical and chemical properties. Most commonly, thermo and ......

Monitoring of Microalgae Lipid Accumulation System Overview

Various methods have been proposed to monitor and determine microalgae lipid content accumulation, but they are indirect, time consuming, require sample preparations, and costly treatment steps. In this work, a ......

Conductive and Biphasic Pulses in Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing

This experimental study concerns the occurrence of biphasic pulses generated during tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) of 200 nm carboxylate polystyrene spheres. In TRPS, a short-lived pulse in ionic current ......

Multiplexed microfluidic quantification of proteins in serum

Rapid and low cost immunoassays targeting proteins in blood or other bodily fluids are highly sought after for point-of-care devices and early screening of patients. Immunoturbidimetric assays utilize latex particles ......

Sorting of small infectious virus particles by flow virometry reveals distinct infectivity profiles

The nature and concentration of lipids and proteins at the surface of viruses are essential parameters for determining particle infectiveness. Historically, averaged bulk analysis of viral particles has been the ......

Perfluorocarbon nanodroplets stabilized by fluorinated surfactants: characterization and potentiality as theranostic agent

We aim to produce emulsions that can act as contrast agents and drug carriers for cancer imaging and therapy. To increase tumor detection and decrease drug side effects, it is ......

Cationic additives in nanosystems activate cytotoxicity and inflammatory response of human neutrophils: lipid nanoparticles versus polymeric nanoparticles

This report compares the effect of lipid and polymeric nanoparticles upon human neutrophils in the presence of cationic surfactants. Nanostructured lipid carriers and poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles were manufactured as lipid ......

Bio Diagnostics, Analysis of bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles using tunable resistive pulse sensing

Accurate characterization of submicron particles within biological fluids presents a major challenge for a wide range of biomedical research. Detection, characterization and classification are difficult due to the presence of ......

High Resolution Particle Characterization to Expedite Development and Regulatory Acceptance of Nanomedicines

The pharmaceutical industry as well as European and US governing agencies have indicated the need for more accurate, high resolution, characterization of complex drug materials, nanomedicines, to facilitate their development ......

Co-ordinated detection of microparticles using tunable resistive pulse sensing and fluorescence spectroscopy

Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) has emerged as a useful tool for particle-by-particle detection and analysis of microparticles and nanoparticles as they pass through a pore in a thin stretchable ......

Optimized exosome isolation protocol for cell culture supernatant and human plasma

Extracellular vesicles represent a rich source of novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of disease. However, there is currently limited information elucidating the most efficient methods for obtaining high ......

Improved Characterization of EV Preparations Based on Protein to Lipid Ratio and Lipid Properties

In recent years the study of extracellular vesicles has gathered much scientific and clinical interest. As the field is expanding, it is becoming clear that better methods for characterization and ......

Differential detergent sensitivity of extracellular vesicle subpopulations

Extracellular vesicles (including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies) are currently attracting rapidly increasing attention from various fields of biology due to their ability to carry complex information and act as ......

Possibilities and limitations of current technologies for quantification of biological extracellular vesicles and synthetic mimics.

Nano-sized extracelullar vesicles (EVs) released by various cell types play important roles in a plethora of (patho)physiological processes and are increasingly recognized as biomarkers for disease. In addition, engineered EV ......

Observations of tunable resistive pulse sensing for exosome analysis: Improving system sensitivity and stability

Size distribution and concentration measurements of exosomes are essential when investigating their cellular function and uptake. Recently, a particle size distribution and concentration measurement platform known as Tunable Resistive...

Non-targeted effects of radiation exposure:recent advances and implications

The target theory of radiation-induced effects has been challenged by numerous studies, which indicate that in addition to biological effects resulting from direct DNA damage within the cell, a variety ......

Purification and Characterization of extracellular vesicles from a 2 hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1T

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by a sulfur-reducing, hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus onnurineus NA1T (To), were purified and characterized. A maximum of four EV bands, showing buoyant densities between 1.1899 and 1.2828 ......

Mesenchymal-stem-cell-derived exosomes accelerate skeletal muscle regeneration

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is used for treatment of many diseases. The paracrine role of MSCs in tissue regeneration is attracting particular attention. We investigate the role of MSC ......

Glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles modify the phenotype of monocytic cells

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor and is without exception lethal. GBMs modify the immune system, which contributes to the aggressive nature of the disease. Particularly, ......

The neutral sphingomyelinase pathway regulates packaging of the prion protein into exosomes

Prion diseases are a group of transmissible, fatal neurodegenerative disorders associated with the misfolding of the host-encoded prion protein, PrPC , into a disease associated form, PrPSc. The transmissible prion ......

The non-targeted effects of radiation are perpetuated by exosomes

Exosomes contain cargo material from endosomes, cytosol, plasma membrane and microRNA molecules, they are released by a number of non-cancer and cancer cells into both the extracellular microenvironment and body ......

Effect of exosomes derived from multipluripotent mesenchymal stromal cells on functional recovery and neurovascular plasticity in rats after traumatic brain injury

OBJECT Transplanted multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) improve functional recovery in rats after traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study the authors tested a novel hypothesis that systemic administration of ......

Analysis of exosome purification methods using a model liposome system and tunable-resistive pulse sensing

Exosomes are vesicles which have garnered interest due to their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Isolation of pure yields of exosomes from complex biological fluids whilst preserving their physical characteristics is ......

Emergence of tunable resistive pulse sensing as a biosensor

Abstract The article is written as a guide and tutorial that focuses on the use of Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing, TRPS, as a platform for the detection of biological analytes. ......

Applications of Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing

Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) is an experimental technique that has been used to study and characterise colloidal particles ranging from approximately 50 nm in diameter up to the size ......

Reproducible extracellular vesicle size and concentration determination with tunable resistive pulse sensing

Introduction: The size of extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be determined with a tunable resistive pulse sensor (TRPS). Because the sensing pore diameter varies from pore to pore, the minimum detectable ......

Chitinases Are Negative Regulators of Francisella novicida Biofilms

Biofilms, multicellular communities of bacteria, may be an environmental survival and transmission mechanism of Francisella tularensis. Chitinases of F. tularensis ssp. novicida (Fn) have been suggested to regulate biofilm formation ......

Recent advances in the characterization of membrane morphology

The characterization of membranes is important for membrane selection, membrane process diagnosis, and new membrane material design. Recent advances in membrane characterization techniques facilitate new membrane material design and...

Actuation of tunable elastomeric pores: Resistance measurements and finite element modelling

We present a quantitative study of elastomeric nano- / micropore actuation using experiments and a finite element model. Ionic resistances have been measured for five specimens of two distinct sizes ......

Modelling of Resistive Pulse Sensing: Flexible Methods For Submicron Particles

Nanopore science, the study of individual nanoscale pores within thin membranes, is a fast-growing field which presents numerous interesting problems for physicists and applied mathematicians. Nanopores are most commonly applied ......